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In recent years, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides have gained considerable interest due to several attractive features such as strong confinement of light, low loss in the near- and mid-infrared regions, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with CMOS technology. Silicon exhibits a Kerr nonlinearity more than 200 times larger than that of silica. Moreover, its relatively large refractive index allows silicon waveguides to confine light within an area so small that nonlinear effects can be enhanced by more than a factor of 1000 or even more depending on the effective area.
